BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND METHODS BONSAI

Bonsai are dwarf plants are generally grown in a shallow pot. In total a bonsai is a miniature of the great old trees in the wild are completed. Over that a bonsai represents the harmony of the universe key elements consist of heaven, earth and man. This is reflected in the form of bonsai is always a symmetrical triangle. The highest point symbolizing heaven, earth represents the lowest point being the center symbolizes the human (Budi Sulistyo & Limanto Subijanto: 1991).

Understanding of the meaning of the concept art of Bonsai on the principle that beautifully reflect a relationship between God with his new invention to make the art of Bonsai exist until recently and has lasted throughout the centuries. That's why, a Bonsai Master piece made in a long enough time with handling level - high precision. Given the very long process of formation, then for Bonsai lovers can fill their needs in the form and enjoy Bonsai by other rules and regulations apply core Bonsai formation on other non-crop trees to get the desired shape such as Bonsai style straight Upright (Informal Upright ), Upright (Informal Upright), Tilt (Slanting), Half suspend (Semi-cascade), Suspend (cascade), wind blown (Wind Swept) and others.

 

Bonsai formation

One of the conditions of good bonsai are beautiful and natural shape. Beautiful bonsai means to demonstrate the overall harmony of the crop and compatibility with pot. Experience means the shape of bonsai trees do not deviate from its original form in the wild. In general bonsai triangular shaped asymmetrical.

There are five styles of bonsai policy:

1. Perpendicular (chokkan)
2. Vertical winding (tachiki)
3. Tilt (shakan)
4. Half suspend (han kengai)
5. Suspend (kengai)

In addition to the five styles of policy, there is another style that is the basis of the development of the five styles, among others:

1. Reverse sweep (hokizukuri)
2. Breeze (pukinagashi)
3. Twisted (nejikan)
4. Grow on rocks (ishizuki)
5. Mencengkram rock
6. Highlighting the root (neagari)
7. Bow arm (shidarezukuri)
8. Free (bunjin)
9. Grow from the stem (ikadabuki)
10. Intertwined roots (netsunagari)

To make shapely and natural bonsai do bonsai formation (training) which includes: 
- Arrangements branches, twigs and young branches. 
- of control. 
- Perundukan with ties. 
- Pruning the trunk, branches, twigs, leaves or leaf buds. 
- Correction Bonsai

Arrangements arm
for policy-style bonsai upright, vertical and oblique winding, branch arrangement is as follows: For the bonsai style tilt base, first arm opposite direction to the tilt rod.Distance between the branch should not evenly apart at the bottom and more on more closely.

Of control
is done to help the formation of control (correcting depressions or direction) trunks, branches or twigs. Worn wire is copper or aluminum wire because it does not rust so it does not poison the plant. Large wire worn around a third of the large trunks, branches or twigs are fine. If you have to be able to use the original 2 wire between wire  studenly not mutually superimposed. Wire winding angle of about 45 degrees with the same relative distance.

Bonding strap
to bend towards the other arm to get even with the pull wire rope (plastic rope). Tie one end of the rope to be pulled down branches and rope edge only tied to the base of the stem, root or base of the pot.

Cutting / pruning
cutting intended to give the bonsai shape by removing or shortening the stem, branch or twig. For deletion (removal) branch at the base of the branch should be cut flat (not leaving the former branch) or somewhat curved into the trunk so that the wound closed container quickly cuts the bark. Similarly, cutting branches at the branch. The shortening branches or twigs, cutting is done with a cut tilted cuts facing up so fast cuts and dry wounds shut. Removal of leaf buds should be done as soon as possible before the young leaves are formed so that not too much energy is wasted due to the cuts. The purpose of the removal buds or young leaves is to avoid the formation of branches or twigs that are not needed. Specific reduction of leaves on a branch or twig is to balance the size of the stem or branch to branch twig size. Usually the more leaves on the growth cymbal arm is growing faster than the branch that leaves little, so many leaves on the branches / twigs will be enlarged in size and rather fewer leaves on the branches / twigs that it exceeds the standard. Good measure of the arm is a third of the size of the trunk where the branch is located.

Corrections
Correction is the completion of a bonsai shape (or is potential bonsai) that have stuck one. 
Several errors can be seen in the picture:

1. Head cut off. Ward of the buds that grow near the head face-to-face, after strong enough to bend the wire over.
2. Larger branch from trunk. Removed only or peel off (genie) and then reduced in size and preserved in a solution of lime and sulfur.
3. Cross arm. Removed tau done to change the direction of control.
4. Branches grow at the same height. Remove one of them.
5. Branch grows forming a circle. Remove and leave one of them.
6. Canag grow towards the front. Removed or converted to the wire direction. Kalua is a great size for a throw and holes / cavity in its trunk (uro).
7. Branch grows up. Or bend the strings of control.
8. Arm hang down. Bend towards the right of control.
9. Branches intertwined. Remove some or bend towards the right of control.

Bonsai dwarfing

MEASUREMENT OF BONSAI
Bonsai are dwarf main condition, lovely old-experienced and saw. Bonsai is the first step to make the plant into a dwarf. Dwarf bonsai means the relative size much smaller than a plant that grows in the wild, until about ten of comrades or smaller. Based on the size of bonsai divided into 5 groups, namely:

1. Mame bonsai (very small) 5-15 cm.
2. Bonsai Ko (small) 15-30 cm.
3. Chiu Bonsai (medium) 30-60 cm.
4. Dai Bonsai (large) 60-90 cm
5. Bonsai monster (very large) 90-150 cm.

Dwarfing
At dasrnya all be dwarfed plants with three kinds of behavior that is a genetic way, ways and means of physical chemistry. The treatment plant genetics is way intersection between genders or later's variety and selection yield intersection. Late latest technology plant properties can be manipulated by inserting the gene carriers dwarf trait into crops required. Dwarfing the genetic treatment requires a long time and done in a way to manipulate genes in laboratory and highly confidential.

Chemical treatment is to include the chemical inhibitor of plant growth (retardan), for example sprayed Cultar 250 EC, consequently leaves, flowers and fruits among leaves narrow and shorten segment.

Physical behavior is the most common way of dwarfing current bonsai, among others with cut stems / buds (trimming), planted in a small pot, periodically pruning the roots, remove the new shoots (bud nipping) is continuously and put in place a bonsai get full sun.

CUTTING STICKS
bonsai shorten the easiest way is to cut the stems / grain, but the former is can hidden cuts, good for bonsai trunk is large at the base and gradually narrowed until the grain, the stalks / shoots bonsai should be replaced by a branch cut immediate deduction forward and bent over the wire. When the size is still too high, it can be done again in the branch cuts that replace earlier stem until the desired fit meansures. 
Upon cutting sticks  stick around over there who can replace trunk branches / shoots, it can by selecting one of the buds will ground  around last deduction. Chooses a new branch or a bud facing forward is so protected by branch-cuts or new shoots that will be bent over.

SMALL POT
Using a small pot tree media are also a bit until bonsai root growth is limited and hampered growth. Thus the above-ground plant (stems, and leaves canag ) will adjust to its roots. 
Due to the limited planting media, the preparation of food in planting media too little, because the bonsai should be given fertilizer. Bonsai absorbed food will be used to enlarge the trunk and branches and roots extending from the root because ground hampered, as the longitudinal growth of plants on the ground.

Pruning the roots
of Bonsai are grown in small pots, roots will quickly meet planting media, up to root pruning and planting media turn. Each complete root pruning pruning should be done well to keep the balance of plant leaves top and bottom ground. 
Roots holds an important role in maintaining bonsai form. When roots form the root branch or branches will also stem form branches and twigs. Thus root pruning will encourage the formation of branches, twigs and branches on young crops on the land. The more branches, twigs and young branches are formed, the more dimensions, because the food available for growth divided branches, twigs and branches the children.

NEW SHOOT TO REMOVE
generally tend to sprout plants with buds of new growth on the buds, so much energy that centralized direction. When this is allowed to go high and then crop the bottom branches will lack energy for growth, could even branch off and replaced new higher position and be taller and bigger crops. Thus, this should be done dumping bonsai buds (bud nipping) continuously, except for the expected growth of buds to completion bonsai form. So the energy division for growth can be divided for all the crops.

SUN RAYS
crops will suffer from lack of sunlight and not solid elongated The growth springing (etiolasi). Ultra violet and blue rays from the sun works to inhibit the growth of elongated. By cuz the bonsai should be placed in a place that gets full sun. 
Another thing to be considered are the air temperature. Although the bonsai should be placed at the spot that gets full sun, when the air temperature is very localized level higher, bonsai are quick drying. At this point there is no harm in getting a little shade when the bonsai especially at noon, the morning should still get direct sunlight.

LEAF shrink
Shrinking leaves much more difficult than the dwarf stem, by karanya often found bonsai Denga kerdi size but still quite large leaf size compared to the size holt. 
shrink One way is to strip the leaves bonsai leaves of all (total prunning), then reduce the grant closely as possible the original water wilted, then new leaves will grow smaller. As long as the leaves are still experiencing growth (light green) for the watering was undiminished. When the leaves have grown (dark green) and no further growth is possible then back to normal watering. 
Not all plants can be reduced by a total of prunning leaves, only certain plants that only live when the leaves digunduli sanggunp. With this treatment every crop yields vary. Bunut (a banyan) can be scaled to 20% of leaf normal size Ulmus 15%, 10% planer, while Java and Asam Asam Chinese can not refine more leaves.

 

In the '80s, the banyan tree was a prima donna among lovers of ornamental plants, including me, to have been looking for a mountain cliff to find bagus.Pohon banyan banyan tree that has its own value because of its advantages for C. It formed a beautiful bonsai. A small leaf shape also makes it easier for the formation of specific patterns such as circular as there is in the picture as well. For penghobis that still lack an understanding of the formation process of bonsai banyan tree, below are simple ways that can be done.

1. Plant it in the banyan tree planting media that compact structure and low momentous element, it is intended that the plant is not excessive mandapatkan banyan tree because if excess food nutrition then it will be difficult to do in the process of formation of the stem.

2. Use stainless wire someplace at least three millimeters in diameter. The function of which is to form a branch wire to a certain pattern within indefinite period of time until the desired pattern is produced when the wire was removed. Namely wire installation with circular wound from the base toward the tip of branches branches, be careful not to break branches. Convolution process can be assisted using the pliers so that results can be maximal. Usually after the wire was removed then the circumference of the branches will be leaving the former that makes the unique branch.

3. Fertilizing: Often not understood that the application of fertilizer is not shown to drive policy development, except for health care for bonsai. Normally, the content elements of bonsai fertilizer nitrogen that is normally required, phosphorus and potassium. 
nitrogen needed bonsai because it can provide to its roots as a guardian of cold equilibrium oxygen levels in the planting media Whereas phosphorus compounds useful as a required nutrient for plant growth and health of use potassium for bonsai is a complementary synergy between nitrogen and phosphorus. Besides fertilizer can also add nutrients or vitamins to improve health bonsai plants. Application of fertilizer should be intelligently so that the main function of plant nutrients to keep enough but not excessive because if excess will drive accelerating growth tree that normally expected of the regular penghobis dwarf.

4. Perform periodic pruning at banyan tree leaf. This will make the form of pruning bonsai become more alive and beautiful.

SOURCE :
http://www.ilmuflora.com/2010/12/cara-membuat-bonsai-pohon-beringin.html
http://www.payayat.com/2012/11/cara-membuat-bonsai-pohon-beringin.html
http://2brk.wordpress.com/2010/02/02/teknik-dasar-membentuk-bonsai/
http://bonsaikamang.tripod.com/merangkai.htm
http://ficusbenyamina.blogspot.com/2009/12/pembentukan-bonsai.html
http://ficusbenyamina.blogspot.com/2009/11/pengerdilan-bonsai.html
http://bonsaikamang.tripod.com/foto_merangkai.htm