TANK'S GREATEST & MOST ADVANCED IN THE WORLD

Tank is a machine that should be is you tembur than fighter jets and battleships. Tanks are armored fighting vehicles moved using wheel-shaped chain. The main characteristic is the patron tank is usually heavy armor, a weapon that big cannon, and high mobility to move smoothly in all terrain. Although the vehicle tank is expensive and requires a lot of logistical supplies, tanks are the most formidable land weapons and all-round on the modern battlefield, because of its ability to destroy any ground targets, and the mental effect against infantry.

Tank is a very powerful combat vehicles. Even so, the tank does not operate alone. Tanks usually inserted in the armored units in an integrated army, which combines infantry and other cavalry. Without the support of other units, tanks, despite having a thick protective, can still paralyzed by infantry, mines, artillery, and helicopters or planes. Tank is also not effective in the field of forest and urban areas, where the ability to remotely tank so it can not be used, so the limited vision of motorists tanks, cannons and tanks may not be the maximum spin. 
tanks first used in World War I trench warfare to break the deadlock , and the role of the tank gradually evolved to replace the role of the cavalry. The term tank (tank) appeared at the time of the first tanks in factories in Britain: the workers were told that they were making a chain-wheeled vehicles transporting water, so the making of this combat vehicle be kept confidential. 
tanks and armored tactics have evolved for nearly a century. Although weapons systems and protective tanks are still being developed, many countries are beginning to question the need of heavy vehicles like this, especially in an era of non-conventional warfare.

Here is today's most sophisticated tank:

1. M1A2 Abrams (USA)

MIA2 Abrams! This is the most advanced tanks and mampumelibas flagship U.S. enemies around the world. Coated uranium armor, while the inner layer of Kevlar to ensure tanks coated keselatan tank crew.

• Being able to destroy other tanks within a radius of 4 km.
• Three machine guns to add spooky tank weighs 62.5 tons.
• MIA2 Abrams has a cruising range of 400 km and a maximum speed of 67 Km.
• Abrams MIA2 operated four crews. Each served as a tank commander, gunner, bullet charger, as well as the driver.
• The weapon relies M256 120mm cannon.

2. Main Battle Tank T-90

GPO Uralvagonzavod T-90 main battle tank design is that Russia dikempabangkan of T-72, and until now the most modern tank in the Russian army and marines. Currently the tanks are also operated several other countries, especially India. As the successor to T-72BM, T-90 uses a gun and 1G46 gunner sight of the T-80U, a new engine, and thermal sensing. Protective equipment including protective Kontakt-5 explosive reactive, laser warning receivers, power electromagnetic waves to destroy the EMT-7 electromagnetic mines and anti-tank missiles Shtorasistem vandals infrared control.

Varian
Brem-72 - Vehicle maintenance 
MTU-90 - Tankk Bridge. 
IMR-3 - Vehicle maintenance. 
BMR-3 - Cleaning mines.

Operators
Russia - about 480 units. 1.100 total including 300 T-72 upgraded to T-90 specifications. 
India - 310 T-90S 'Bhishma' 1,000 + T-90S 'Bhishma' assembled in India. 
Algeria - 180 T-90SA, 102 had entered service by 2011. 
Saudi Arabia was also reported to be in negotiations to buy 150 units of T-90. Venezuela is also interested in buying "50 to 100 T-90", though ultimately Venezuela decided to buy 92 T-72. Turkmenistan also has ordered 10 units of this tank. Indonesia is also interested in ordering about 100 to 200 units [1], especially as an alternative if the military fails to get 100 units of ex Dutch Leopard 2.

3. Leopard 2A6 (Germany)

• Being able to climb up the slope of 60 degrees and drove up to 72 miles.
• This tank also has a cruising 550 Km.
• The weight of 62 tons,
• armed with 120 mm caliber cannon and two 7.6 mm machine guns.
• Leopard 2A6 tanks operated four crews. Each served as a tank commander, gunner, bullet charger, as well as the driver.When this type of tank is dgiunakan Germany, Canada, Greece, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain as a mainstay.

The Leopard 2 is a main battle tank (main battle tank MBT) Germany developed by Krauss-Maffei in the early 1970s and put into use in 1979. More than 3.480 Leopard 2 has been produced. The Leopard 2 first used the German Army at the Battle of Kosovo as well as Canadian and Danish troops joined in the ISAF in Afghanistan.

There are two major developments in the tank, the first model to Leopard 2A4 which have vertically shoot armored cupola and a more advanced model Leopard 2A5 and newer versions anymore, which has an angled firing dome like an arrow with applique armor as well as several other development . Whole model is equipped with a digital fire control system and laser rangefinder, 120 mm main gun with a high stability, coaxial machine gun, and equipment to see and shoot in the dark of night vision more advanced (Leopard is the first combat vehicle that uses low-light sight level TV system or LLLTV, while thermal imaging was introduced after that). This tank has the ability to fight despite facing a moving target through very difficult terrain and uneven. Active variants including 2A4, 2A5, 2A6, and 2A7 (most recent). Many upgraded Leopard 2 to extend its mandate and strengthen the weapons potential, generally the 2A5 and 2A6 variants. Indonesian Army strengthens infantrinya division, by purchasing 30 units of which are to be delivered in October and the remainder will be delivered by 2013 from 100 units planned tank.

4. PT-76

PT-76 was first introduced to the public and mass-produced by the Soviet Union since 1954. Basic design has actually been designed since the middle of World War II. Armored vehicles manned third person serves as the main combat reconnaissance vehicle in the line AB Soviet Union and 23 other countries. The geographical conditions of the Soviet Union and central and eastern Europe that has many swamps, lakes and rivers underlying the manufacture of this amphibious tank.

PT-76 in the procession Anniversary Armed Forces 1978. Looks cannon has not experienced retrofit 
purport Soviet PT-76 as ranpur leading NATO defense that will break the back of the line. Rommel's success in the Allied defense berated the Ardennes forest, France, and the United States while cutting the North Korean military forces on the Korean peninsula, a Soviet obsession. Basic framework of PT-76 and later raised a lot of inspiration for the creation of combat vehicles (ranpur) others, such as the BTR-50, armored transports its own motion cannon ASU 85 and transport vehicles Frog-2 missile launchers.

PT-76 is physically weighs 13.5 tons empty and in a state of 14.5 tons combat ready. To be able to operate in waters in the tank only has a thin layer of steel, which is 14 mm in body and 17 mm in the turret, unlike similar tank in its class. Meanwhile, to reduce the passenger load, the tank commander also doubles as field observers, gunners and radio operator. PT-76 standard dimensions when measured without the cannon has a length of 6.91 m, width 3.14 m and height 2.21 m, and the height from the ground beneath the tank (ground clearance) was 0.37 m. If measured by the length of the cannon and gun elevation counterforce air strikes on the PT-76 are the dimensions being: length 7.62 m, width 3.14 m and height 3.70 m.

PT-76 propulsion generated from the 4-cylinder diesel engine type V-6 that powered 240 horsepower or 1,800 rpm. The fuel required is 250 liters of diesel (HSD) and 60 liters of water as a coolant radiator and use lubricant types DCO.50 much as 45 liters.It makes the PT-76 capable of driving at speeds up to 45 km / h on the highway along the 260 km, 30 to 35 km / h on normal roads and 25 km / h on a bumpy road as far as 210 km. Excess PT-76 is located in the power of the engine, because it can provide a good ability to swim towards an advance of 11 km / h for a distance of 70 km and takes about 8 hours. Moderate if it moves to the back, has a speed of up to 5 km / h. That is why the PT-76 is considered to have qualified as an amphibious landing craft tank.

A PT-76 owned by North Vietnam by the U.S. military successfully destroyed 
Another advantage of the PT-76 is capable of climbing a height-and tilt up to 38 degrees upright barrier height 1.06 m, capable of running stable terrain with gradients up to 18 degrees, crossing up to 2.8 m wide trenches or through derivatives up to 0.75 m deep with a huge pressure on the surface of 0.49 kg / sq cm and with a power to weight ratio of 17.5 horsepower / ton. Meanwhile, entry angle when tanks will be swimming in the sea, lake or river is 30 degrees and the angle to the surface while looking up the barrel is 25 degrees. Electrical power systems PT-76 comes in 2 pieces of batteries (battery) voltage respectively 12 Volt. As a means of communication, PT-76 uses the R-123 radio.

5.Challenger 2 (United Kingdom)

Jinis Tank has a very good protection to withstand the onslaught of the enemy. These specifications of these 2 types of tanks advanced:

• Challenger 2 operated four crews. Each served as a tank commander, gunner, bullet charger, as well as the driver.
• Tank weighs 62.5 tons.
• Armed with 120 mm caliber cannon were effectively used at a distance of 3,000 meters, but was able to reach a distance of 5,000 meters.
• Cruising range of 450 km, with a maximum speed of 70 km / h.

 

6. K2 Black Panther

Tanks of this type Touted most expensive nowadays. Carrying the M1A2 Abrams protection as the United States, but with a lighter weight, only 55 tons.

• K2 tank crew to operate 3.
• The weapon caliber 120 mm cannon, two machine guns.
• Cruising range of 430 km, with a maximum speed of 70 km / h.
• K2 will make North Korea Cavalry think twice before battling head to head with this tank.

 

7. Tank T-90

Type of Tank T-90 became the mainstay of Russia's post-Cold War era. Tank is a development of the Tank T-72 during the cold war. There are several variants of Tank T-90, but used for fighting, Russia also made variants penyampu mines and utilities construction engineer. India to buy a license from Russia to create its own weight class tanks, Bhisma. Russia is currently developing a T-95, an armored monster heavyweights more sophisticated.

• Tank T-90 operated 3 crew weighing 46.5 tons.
• The weapon caliber 125 mm cannon and two machine guns.
• Cruising range of 550 km with a maximum speed of 60 km / hour.

 

8. Tank Merkava Mk IV

The weight of Israel's tank production reached 65 tons as a tank that has the most powerful protection against today. Not just at the top of the tank, the bottom was coated steel thick enough to withstand landmine explosions. Since this type of advanced Israeli tanks are made to always be vigilant against attacks his opponent from Arabia.

• Merkava Mk IV tanks operated four crews.
• The weapon caliber 120 mm cannon, 60 mm mortars,
• one 12.7 mm machine guns and two 7.6 mm machine guns.
• Cruising range of 500 km with a maximum speed of 70 km / h.

 

9. Chinese Type 99 Tank

In addition to the type Tank Type 90, China developed it into the most advanced Type 99 Tank. Collaborate with Russia. Tank Type 90 125 mm caliber cannon equipped and suitable for use with 9K119 Reflex missiles known as pembuhun heavyweight tank.

• This tank has a cruising range of 600 km, with an additional tank.
• The maximum speed of 60 km / h on the road and 80 miles offroad on the highway. Simply drag for heavy tank size.
• Tank Type 90 has the protection of 1000-1200 mm. Thick enough to withstand the onslaught of the heavyweight battle between tanks. He weighs 54 tons and is operated four crews.

 

10. Tank KIA1

One mainstay KRL for heavy tanks is Kiai. This type tanks to face north korea:

• These tanks carry 120 mm caliber cannon and two machine guns.
• Tank Commander operates the 12.7 mm machine guns and sniper take care of 7.62 mm machine guns.
• This tank has a cruising range of 500 km and a maximum speed of 65 km / h.
• Tank weighs 54.5 tons,
• operated four crews.
• Each served as a tank commander, gunner, bullet charger, as well as the driver.

 

11. Type 90 Japanese Tank

Tanktercangging has become one of the mainstays of Japanese martial forces and put into use since 1992.

• Tank Type 90 has a cruising range of 400 km, and a maximum speed of 70 km / h.
• 10ZG Mitsubishi Diesel engine is capable of producing 1500 horsepower.
• Tank is operated 3 crew.
• Weighing 50.2 tons, and armed with 120 mm caliber cannon with a capacity of 40 bullets and 12.7 mm caliber machine gun, or a 7.62-mm.
• But although one tank tercanngih plan, Japan will gradually replace the Type 90's with TK-X tank that is lighter but has a number of advantages maneuverability and protection.

 

 

12. Leclerc Tank

Leclerc Tank Type GIAT Industries manufactured in France. First prototype was made in 1989. Besides France, Saudi Arabia also have hundreds of these tanks.

• The maximum speed of 72 km / h.
• Leclerc tanks using turbo diesel engine VD V8X-1500 powered 1500 horsepower.
• Protective layer consisting of steel, ceramic and Kevlar. One advantage easily fixed if hit.
• He weighs 56 tons and operated 3 crew. Each served as a commander, gunner and driver
• For weapons, Leclerc reinforced cannon 120 mm and 12.7 mm caliber machine gun, or a 7.62-mm.
• Cruising range of 650 km with the tank reaches reserve, 550 km with no reserve tank

 

 

Tank History

World War I: The first tanks
of World War I battle conditions on the Western Front made the British Army thinking to develop vehicles that can cross the trench, destroying the barbed wire and machine gun shot does not work. Tank prototype was first tested by the British army on 6 September 1915. 
tanks first used in war when Captain HW Mortimore bring Mark I tank in the Battle of the Somme on 15 September 1916. France developed the Schneider CA1 tank made of Holt Caterpillar tractor, and was first used on 16 April 1917. The use of large-scale tank battles were fought in the Battle of Cambrai on 21 November 1917. 
changes on the battlefield and the poor performance of the tank forcing the Allies to continue to develop the concept of this tank.Tank continues to grow during World War I, for example tank Mark V, which was made very long so that it can pass through a wide trenches though.

The development of the design and tactics
in the period between the two world wars, the tank developed a wide range of classes, especially in the UK. Light tanks, which weigh less than ten tons, used for monitoring tasks, and armed only with light machine guns are only effective use against other light tanks. Tank is or cruiser tanks, heavier and intended to travel long distances quickly. And finally, the heavy tanks or infantry tank, is a tank with a heavy protective coating, which is slow. These tanks are made to be used to penetrate the defense together with infantry.Protector which could bear weight make shot anti-tank weapon. After the heavy tank and infantry managed to pierce the opponent's defense line, the tanks were to be sent through the hole and attack supply lines and unit commanders. Tactics like these eventually developed by Germany in the concept of blitzkrieg.

Tanks in World War II
World War II found the rapid development of the tank. Germany, for example, using light tanks such as the Panzer I previously used only for training. Light tanks and other armored vehicles into the most important element in the blitzkrieg. However, these light tanks British tanks lost face and over again against the legendary T-34 tank belonging Soviet Union. And at the end of the war all parties have drastically increase the size of cannon and tank protector. For example, the Panzer I only used two machine guns, and Panzer IV, the heaviest German tank at the beginning of World War II using low speed 75 mm cannon, and weighs less than 20 tons. At the end of the war, the standard German medium tank, Panther, using a high-speed 75 mm cannon, and weighs 45 tons. 
development is the introduction of another wartime suspension system is much better. Perhaps this does not sound important, but the quality of the suspension is the determinant of the performance of cross-country tank. Tank with a bad suspension will result in vibrations felt riders, this will result in operating difficulties, reduce speed, and make shooting while walking becomes impossible. The new suspension system like Christie suspension system or torsion bar suspension enhance performance and speed dramatically.

Rotating cannon, which was previously not available on all tanks, regarded as very important. The cannon should be used against other tanks, so arranged as large and strong as possible, so that means the tank enough to have one cannon to be very strong. As a result, the design of the tanks with lots of guns, such as the T-28 and T-35 made in the Soviet Union, abandoned.

The Cold War and beyond
After World War II and into the Cold War, the developed countries and superpowers take lessons in the use of German tank forces.Additional threat of nuclear war and chemical tanks are also equipped to make nuclear and chemical warfare equipment. Advances in the technology of guns and ammunition to make the dreaded tank, and each country vying to perfect the technology. 
Yet it is precisely the greatest threat today is the tank infantry equipped with light weapons destroyed yan has tremendous power, by developing anti-missile -tank tote that is a result of the development of the bazooka during World War II. Coupled with the development of Air Force capabilities with attack helicopters with anti-tank capabilities.

 

 

 

Regards, Dwi Hartoyo, SP
 

REFERENCES
1. http://www.didunia.net/2013/01/5-tank-paling-canggih-di-dunia.html 
2. http://terselubung.blogspot.com/2013/01/5-tank-paling-canggih-di-dunia.html 
3. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank 
4. http://blogbintang.com/10-jenis-tank-tercanggih 
5. http://indomiliter.com/2009/04/17/pt-76-kisah-tank-amfibi-tua-tni-al/ 
6. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-90