For thousands of years has been a lot of ships that ran aground and sank to the bottom of the sea. One is a ship that ran aground in the Indonesian seas. Not a few ships shipwreck contains the treasure could be worth billions of dollars. If there is a shipwreck in the area of ​​the ship and its cargo was the property of the authority / government where the ship sank. That is if shipwreck had been sinking for a long time and no one has it. How do laws protect state assets related thereto. Here is his review.

There are half a million boat sank in Indonesian waters
Underwater Heritage Director General of History and Antiquities Ministry of Culture and Tourism Surya Helmi, Surya Helmi said, there are about 500,000 shipwreck located in a sea area of Indonesia. Meanwhile, around the world, there are about 5 million shipwrecks. "According to UNESCO, there are at least five million shipwrecks worldwide and 10 percent in Indonesia," said Surya Helmi on the sidelines Sync Accelerated Development Coordination Meeting in Tanjungpandan Maritime Museum, Pacific Islands, yesterday, as reported by the.

Helmi said Indonesia is very rich in underwater cultural heritage that must be protected. "According to the Law (UU) No.. 11th of 2010 on Heritage, the government will provide severe penalties for those who commit criminal acts removal or destruction of the heritage of Indonesia," said Helmi. Therefore, Helmi asked fishermen not to carelessly take objects from the sea without first reporting it to the government. Violation of the Act shall be punishable by imprisonment of five years and a maximum fine of Rp 1 billion.

While the Secretary of the Board of Marine Indonesia, Dedy H Sutisna said, the economic potential of Origin Valuable Artifacts Cargo ship sinks (BMKT) worth USD 1.1 billion. "It is estimated there are 700 to 800 potential points BMKT but only 463 points identified," said Dedy. Researchers from Japan, Akifumi Iwabuchi said, Indonesia has the potential to develop cultural park under water because there are many valuable archaeological objects in the ocean. "For example, the Pacific Islands, there are two very valuable shipwreck but unfortunately archaeological objects already plundered the ship of the Tang Dynasty and the vessel Tek Sing," said Akifumi.

Akifumi explained, with the right technology further research, underwater cultural park can be developed in Indonesia.

Treasure Worth Rp413 Billion Sea Indonesia
Today there are 463 points a treasury in the country. But just do ten appointment.

Tangible Porcelain bowls, plates, and cups are thought to have originated from the Ming Dynasty in China was found in Indonesian sea, in route to Jakarta, in 2008. Do not mention specific location of this invention, simply stated is 150 kilometers from the coast at Capital depth of 60 meters. In the surgical removal in 2010, found 38 000 porcelain and until now, there were 700,000 items found. The plan is worth Rp413 billion treasure will be appointed by the Portuguese company based underwater archeology, Arqueonautas Worldwide SA (QOW). Through its CEO Nikolaus Graf Sandizell, QOW said will take possession next year. The length of time for permission appointment intentionally delayed by the Government of Indonesia.

This appointment, Sandizell said, should be done to prevent loss. A variety of factors can trigger it, ranging from fishing nets, oil exploration, underwater pipelines, to the hands of looters nosy. "We want to draw attention to the rapidly disappearing treasure. In ten years, this will all be too late," said Sandizell as reported by Bloomberg, on Tuesday (29/5).Costs appointment treasure called cultural heritage by the Government of Indonesia's cost is not small, around Rp60, 5 billion. This has not been made plus the cost of the platform over the sea to a new temporary placement results transported.

However, according to the Secretariat of the National Committee Appointment and Utilization of Valuable Objects Origin Cargo Ship Sink (BMKT), this appointment has not received permission. Because BMKT still waiting for government regulation derivative of Act No. 11 of 2010 concerning cultural heritage, "Permission is not currently remove it again, everything is still a moratorium," said Adria Yuki, one of the members in the Section BMKT while talking to National Geographic Indonesia, Wednesday (30 / 5). Parties also recognize Sandizell BMKT because it had made a presentation to the research and conservation of treasures found in Indonesia in April 2012. If there was a portion of the property is sold, then the result will be split between the Government of Indonesia and the company picked it up. It's just that there is no division of percentage of items that have not sold.

"The appointment is not to be taken abroad, should only be sold in Indonesia. Majority of these funds will also be to rescue cultural heritage of Indonesia," said Yuki lagi.Namun, the absence of signs licensing not mean Indonesia in the form of cultural heritage treasure is safe from looting. In 1986, Michael Hatcher from Australia accused of taking millions of dollars worth of marine Indonesia. This continued until 1999 and 2010 in which he reportedly took the treasure in Subang, West Java.

The amount of coverage of the ocean Indonesia, plus a lack of supervision has been one of the factors is ease of theft.According to data from BMKT and LIPI, there is currently a treasury 463 points in the country but has made ten appointments. Data UNESCO calls, there are three million corpses piled ships on the ocean floor. 50,000 of which contain treasure worth thousands of years old.

A treasure trove scattered in the waters of the archipelago. First, about a century before Europeans race to the spice-rich region, a region that is now Indonesia has mahsyur on trade. Nusantara had trade relations with India and the Middle East, and in the 4th century by the Europeans.

During that time, countless number of ships lost and sank in the archipelago: Chinese ship carrying treasure and precious ceramics, 800 Portuguese ships were lost since the year 1650 in the Atlantic voyage from Portugal to the south, through the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia, more than 7000 lost ships have captured English East India Company (EIC), is also a loss of 105 Dutch VOC ships sailing between the years 1602 and 1794. All vessels loaded with valuables. Not surprisingly, the waters of the archipelago a target, either by underwater archaeologists and treasure hunters.
One of them, Mamat. Armed with a compressor hose and sophisticated tools, local treasure hunters explore the origin of Mentawai is a point in the Indian Ocean. Shortly dive, he found a stretch of property in the form of glassware, ancient anchors, also bronze bearing symbols Dutch trading company, VOC.

Natural disasters Mentawai tsunami that rolled on Monday, October 25, 2010 reveals the presence of a number of assets involved. One of the four points of the treasure had been leaked to the ears of the fishermen. However, not only the money-oriented treasure hunters. There are also parties to dive to save the artifacts. One of them Hardimansyah, who chose secret treasure spot he found and reported to the government. "Lift and selling antiques, for I do not like it, the week the money runs out. To me, history can not be cut," he said. Until now, the debate over property rights treasures found, both at sea and the earth endless archipelago. See the video in this link.

Chasing Treasure in the Sea
Geographic Indonesia is strategically ie between two continents, Asia and Australia, and between the two Indian and Pacific oceans, making Indonesian waters since time immemorial as the international shipping traffic bustling linking the countries in the region Europe, Africa, Middle East, South Asia and East Asia. Not surprisingly, the territorial waters of Indonesia is known as one of the waters filled with hundreds to thousands of shipwrecks, especially at crossings and paths around trade centers

Among the sunken ships are expected to carry objects artifacts such as ceramics, precious metals (gold, silver, bronze), precious stones and other objects are estimated to have a high value, so a lot of theft and sale of original objects are submerged ship illegal. 

sunken ships known as load following Valuable Artifacts Origin Cargo ship sinks (BMKT) is a country that is very valuable asset, both in terms of economic value and the value of history and culture, the Government through the National Committee Appointment and Utilization of Valuable Objects Origin Cargo ship sinks (PANNAS BMKT) held that BMKT management of marine resources that can provide the maximum benefit for the country.

Management activities BMKT BMKT has raised a total of 12 (twelve) of several shipwreck site, which became the top priority PANNAS BMKT to use, taking into account the interests of the preservation of the values ​​of history, science, culture and economy.
Based on data from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) itself says that there are about 700 to 800 point potential treasure to be appointed, but the new teridenfikasi 463 points. Until now much less than 46 points that have been raised, or about 10 percent. But the tejual through the auction process well not exist. Director of the Institute for National Strategic Interest and Development (Inside) Muhammad Danial Nafis, said the issue BMKT, is a very complex issue, and requires special handling. Activity against a large scale event, which includes the process of research, surveys, appointment, to the auction.

To that end, Nafis said, the GOI needs to establish a legitimate and independent agency responsible directly to the president and charged with operating budget. Institutions were formed, still coordinate with the relevant authorities. In addition to managing BMKT is still shaped the national committee, BMKT also managed by representatives of various agencies. "So it will be difficult to coordinate," said Nafis told Indonesia Maritime Magazine Continuing his statement, Nafis said the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) also did not show seriousness in managing BMKT."So, how do you rescue treasure under the sea, in their internal course much remains to be addressed." Sindirinya.
addition to these issues, BMKT also not based on clear rules. According to him, the existing Presidential Decree (Decree no. 107 in 2000) does not provide detailed rules. "The rule that only gives general allocations."

In fact, he said, if BMKT was able to run properly. Thus, the benefits gained enormous country. Not just material benefits obtained, but also the advantages that are nonmaterial, such kebudaayan, education and more.
According to him, the benefits of one ship alone, able to penetrate the figure of Rp. 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion).So, often stealing valuables in the sea became the target pre irresponsible person. "That would have been much rake in the Pacific Islands, and the sea north of Java."
Therefore, he hoped that the government is able to provide the space and the BMKT consern. "Mandatory there is a separate entity that handles BMKT and directly under the president, and there is a clear allocation of funding"
Nafis added, required immediate revision of laws and regulations which include the Law. 5 year 1992 on Heritage Objects and underlying regulations related to sustainable management of BMKT.

"There should be sanctions for companies that are not committed to the maintenance of cultural heritage by promoting economic interests. It is important to remember, of some of the ship. "Said Nafis
Commenting on it, Secretary Heat BMKT, Sudirmaan Saad said that according to Presidential Decree No. 19 Year 2007 on National Committee Appointment and Utilization of Valuable Objects The Origin Cargo Ship Sinking (PANNAS BMKT), stated that one of BMKT PANNAS one task is to conduct monitoring activities coordination, supervision, and control over the survey process, removal and utilization BMKT.
"In order to keep the maritime security of the Republic of Indonesia, the government has established a Maritime Security Coordinating Board whose members are cross-cutting in areas such as maritime security, military Navy, Marine Police, Ministry of Transport, and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Head of the agency directly responsible to the President, "said Sudirman Saad to Indonesia Maritime Magazine

Security at sea alone, Sudirman Saad admitted still very constrained by the supporting infrastructure is not balanced between the vast ocean and its fleet to control the sea, especially BMKT. Thus, Sudirman Saad need to be optimized further scrutiny involving the public, especially fishermen. "Currently, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries has pioneered community watchdog group (POKWASMAS) in coastal areas under the guidance of the Directorate General PSDKP," he said.
Mentioned about less optimal heat BMKT in handling, Sudriman usually called emphatically denied. According to him, handling dilkaukan BMKT already serious in a way, the licensing process and licensing survey appointment to go through the assessment of the technical team and must be approved by the relevant agencies. Then have owned warehouse for handling BMKT BMKT removal results.

Not only that, Sudirman also admitted to having carried out the distribution of a portion of the removal of the 10 institutions, especially educational and research institutions for the purpose of enriching the collection and scientific support. "The appointment BMKT pending utilization by auction / sale and joint development of maritime museums in Indonesia," he said firmly.
Asked about markanya still theft whether done by insiders alone or foreign, Sudirman said today he continues to optimize, monitor and control supported with adequate resources in terms of facilities, infrastructure and human resources. Then the community involvement in overseeing BMKT.

While the revision of Presidential Decree No. 107/2000, Sudirman said Presidential Decree. 107/2000 has twice been revised since 2007, the Presidential Decree. 19 Year 2007, which was revised to Presidential Decree No. 12/2009.Sudirman menambagkan, regarding the use of the word treasure, he needs to be clarified, where the use of the term is less precise treasure. Whereas, the use of the term treasure tend to be associated with aspects of the economy that will be the target of many treasure hunters. "A hidden treasure run PANNAS BMKT itself a valuable cargo ship that sank origin containing aspects of the history, culture, science and economy," he said.

So far, Sudriman admitted if BMKT theft activity in the northern coast of Java, because in those waters contain a lot of potential for sinking ships containing BMKT. Described by him, that the waters of the northern region of Java has since time immemorial been well-traveled ships both from China, Europe, Spain, Portugal, VOC, carrying valuable goods for trade and transport activities which are relatively safe shipping lanes of malignancy waters. "However, with a shallow kharakteristiknya with navigation capability means many ships were wrecked in the area, so do not be surprised if a lot of activities BMKT thefts in the area," he explained.

Menegnai BMKT sales process itself, Sudirman said that in accordance with Presidential Decree No. 19 Year 2007 Article 1 paragraph 5. For the first phase, conducted sales BMKT Cirebon is lifted from the waters of the Java Sea, 70 miles north of Cirebon on the coordinates of 05o 14 '55 "latitude and 108o 58' 39" E, the appointment from April 2004 until October 2005, more than 271,834 artifacts partially the form of ceramic, glass, precious metals and precious stones from the X century of Five Dynasties China (the Five Dynasties or Sung Dynasty), Sasanian Empire and the Fatimid Dynasty of the Middle East and Africa

"The auction is open BMKT Cirebon, can be followed by individuals or institutions from both within and outside the country are carried out in a single lot at a price of U.S. $ 80 million limit. Bidders have to deposit a security bond auction bidding at 20% of the limit price or U.S. $ 16 million, "he concluded.

Indonesia Sea Treasures Store Pharmacy & Energy
Chief Marine and Fisheries Research Agency Rizald Max Rompas said two sources of marine economy ie pharmaceutical) and ocean energy has not been treated at all in Indonesia. He said the Indonesian ocean exploration is intended for transportation, marine, fisheries, minerals and gas, marine tourism. "Whereas the pharmaceutical sector can be more profitable than fishing," he said.

Pharmaceutical sea is Rompas is the provision of raw materials for making cosmetics or drugs. According to him, Indonesia is still a lot of importing raw materials from outside.

"I wish our own raw materials, even better if we had direct marketing of finished goods. So the higher economic value, "katanya.Hingga now, according Rompas, Marine and Fisheries Research Agency of Indonesia are in the stage of doing research on marine pharmaceuticals to be developed further.

"For now still under investigation. All right must be based on the results of the study, "katanya.Selain pharmaceutical sector, marine sector of energy use is still not much digunakan.Prof Rompas explained that there are three sources of ocean energy that can be used, ie, currents, waves, and wind. But now, a new flow that will be tested. "It will be tested in 2014 Laratuka, NTT," he said. To be able to generate energy from currents, previously had made observations of the flow pattern so that the tool can be planted later continued to produce energy.

"This is because the currents are influenced a wide range of things. Should make the tool (turbines) are flexible, "katanya.Sedangkan to distribute the energy of the sea, Rompas said that it is no longer the domain of Marine and Fisheries Research Agency." But we will work with PLN that energy can be used by all citizens, "he concluded . (Antara / YRI)

Finally, The Sea Treasures Sale
-cultural heritage artifacts Finally popularly called sea treasure of Indonesia was sold in Singapore early April 2012.Actually these items ever auctioned in Indonesia in 2010, and draws many countries.

However, the requirement that each bidder a deposit guarantee of 20 percent of the estimated minimum sales, which amounted to U.S. $ 16 million, making the bidders withdrew.
Moreover sale only done a lot, not sorted out as auctions in general. When the auction is expected to reach U.S. $ 80 million. The second and third such auction offer directly to the museum, also attracted attention.

Ancient objects come from a cargo ship from China which sank in the 10th century AD in the waters of Cirebon, West Java. Approximately 250,000 objects composed of various artifacts that the fishermen first discovered in a shipwreck 57 meters deep under the sea. Beyond China, other ancient objects come from India and the Middle East.
According to the agreement with the National Committee for Appointment and Utilization of Valuable Objects Origin Cargo ship sinks (Pannas BMKT), then was appointed PT Paradigma Putra Sejahtera (PPS) to work together with Belgium Cosmix Underwater Research Ltd.. The whole thing raised will be divided between those for corporate investors (explorer) and the government of Indonesia.

With notes, rare artifacts and a collection of unique priority countries. 991 artefacts have been recorded in the collection of the state to be placed in the designated museums.
Collection sold in Singapore was-in a transaction that is not published to the public-including rubies, pearls, gold jewelery, Fatimid rock crystal, glass from Iran , and the imperial Chinese porcelain.
Such items sold in a single batch so that it can be bought by a collector or museum interested. According to Luc Heymans, leader of Belgium Cosmix Underwater Research Ltd., the stuff is the biggest findings from Southeast Asia, in terms of both quality and quantity.

Irregularities
Unfortunately, the sale of antiquities in Singapore that indicate fraud. An example is that when discovered hilt numbered two. When it was still in good condition one, while only one more ugly collection. According to the agreement, if there are two goods, then it is best to be a collection of states. Ironically, the opposite happens. Even so the bad thing countries collection. Estimated hilt belonged to a dignitary who participated in the ship.

Archaeologists Bambang Budi Utama quoted as saying he did not know who took the decision of the auction. He was only in charge of choosing with all existing capabilities and considerations. That said, the artifacts were selected later in the auction listing, exchanged with prints that read Asmaul Husna. In fact, the actual mold also includes selected for the collection.
According to Bambang, the other is a team of voter irregularities were not given access to select jewelry that is stored in safety box Bank Mandiri. In a safety box also contained inscriptions of gold from 9-10 century AD, as shown in the photo.

According to him, it is worth exploring irregularities and investigated thoroughly, because how can get away with so much stuff to Singapore. In fact, there was never even an individual or agency to agency permission Culture (Directorate of Underwater Heritage, now the Directorate of Cultural Heritage Preservation and Museum), especially institution culture will not permit out of these items.
Historical Invention

In February 2003, approximately 70 kilometers off the coast of Cirebon waters, fishing nets of local fishermen caught some ceramic objects. This information is then followed by PT Paradigma Putra Sejahtera (PPS), in collaboration with the Belgian Cosmix Underwater Research Ltd.. They applied for permission to Pannas BMKT to conduct a survey and then do the removal. The process began in April 2004 and ended in October 2005. More than 500,000 objects successfully lifted from the ruins of the sunken ship. Approximately 262 000 tiles returned to the sea as it broke. Objects made ​​of wood, metal, glass, ceramic, stone, and ivory. There are also spices and incense. The most prominent form of ceramic artifacts, the number reached 90 percent of an entire object.
Ceramics from Cirebon waters consist of three types, namely porcelain, stoneware (stoneware), and pottery (Earthenware). Most findings in the form of bowls, plates, jars, and a splash. Ceramics are identified artificial Zhejiang Province in China from the Five Dynasties that ruled from the 9th century AD (Widiati, 2007:16-25).

Among the pieces of timber vessels were also found. Believed to be the remains of the ship debris. Other findings in the form of teeth, ivory, horn, handicrafts, dice, chess pawns, and coconuts. The discovery of human bones are very few.Most likely, the crew were able to escape to the mainland when the accident occurred.
Excavation According to Horst Liebner (Varuna, Journal of Underwater Archaeology, 2007), the position of the sinking of the ship to be the key in determining the trajectory and direction cruises. Since the cargo to be shipped from China, India, the Middle East, and Sumatra, the possibility that the ship sailed from the western region of the archipelago to the east. 

Almost all of the artifacts are removed, not the product of the kingdom in the archipelago. Special artifacts beraksara Arabic, is a plus for the interpretation of the history of Islam in the archipelago. Based on these findings, it is likely Islam in Indonesia is no longer the beginning of the 12th century, but about the 9th century BC by people related trade with the archipelago.

Bambang Budi Utomo suspect, the sunken ship from the Port of Kufa or Basra which now includes parts of Iraq. In his voyage eastwards, perhaps to the Port Kambangputih (Tuban), the ship had stopped in Sumatra. Having to go on, and then something bad happens in the waters of Cirebon.
Not Serious Liebner judge no seriousness, both government and Indonesian scientists, to address these findings. For years, ie since the end of 2005, all the objects are stored as such findings in a warehouse. "An example is the gold sheet.When brought to the ground, I called for conservation measures and translating text in it. However, officials decided to keep it in a safety control box Bank Mandiri. Although I've made ​​a mosaic picture and reconstruction writings dissected into several people, no one else is interested Indonesian scientists translate, "Liebner said. 

"After all these years, finally just friends EFEO recently analyzed the photo mosaic like writing it. The fate of the other samples more alarming, just rot in the warehouse, "said Liebner (05/04/2012).
According Liebner, Indonesia actually had several "warehouse" similar findings. For example, findings and Falkirk Intan shipwreck from the same time period. "Have you ever no information, publications, or the results of research on this, other than those made ​​by foreigners (the charge Diamonds by M Flecker) or freelancers salvage company (for Karachi by a group of alumni of archeology UI)?" Liebner said. ***

Got Indonesia 5000 Treasure Point at the Bottom of the Sea, the Government Citizen Request Help Secure
Government continues to urge people to participate in the preservation of underwater heritage who allegedly spread across thousands of points. "If the government alone would not be optimal, so that the role of the community to preserve the heritage of the water is expected," said Director of Underwater Heritage, Directorate General of History and Archaeology, Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Kembudpar) Surya Helmi, on a one-day seminar on Mataram day seminar that emphasizes increasing public participation on underwater heritage conservation. Surya says, increasing the participation of fishing communities on underwater heritage is very relevant to the limitations experienced by the government in preserving natural wealth.

"People should come and keep the wealth that saw the appointment illegal, report it immediately to the authorities the authorities such as the Department of Culture and Tourism or the local police, and it would be followed up," said ujarnya.Ia, monitoring of underwater relics existence had to be improved because The Indonesian government has often missed. In the past, many activities antiques auction results rapture underwater heritage, which was held outside the country, but it came from the waters of Indonesia.

"Yesterday I received a report there was an auction in Singapore, it's proof that the sea brought relics auction lot done in other countries, but mostly a result of the appointment in Indonesia," he said. According to Surya, the underwater relics antiquities Indponesia it get out of the country, because the supervision and participation of fishing communities are still very kurang.Sementara potential underwater heritage in almost all regions in Indonesia kiss promising. Unesco data, there are about 5,000 points sinking ship in Southeast Asia, which is believed to potentially have underwater heritage. Of 5,000 points, about 3000

Regards, Dwi Hartoyo, SP

REFERENCES
1. http://id.berita.yahoo.com/ada-setengah-juta-kapal-karam-di-perairan-indonesia-024231882.html
2. http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2012/05/harta-karun-bernilai-rp413-miliar-di-laut-indonesia
3. http://nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/301680-video--surga-harta-karun-di-laut-indonesia
4. http://nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/301680-video--surga-harta-karun-di-laut-indonesia
5. http://www.shnews.co/detile-915-akhirnya-harta-karun-laut-itu-dijual.html 8.