There is no description of Mecca in the annals of trade, military, and religion in imperial empires of Assyria and Babylonia. Statement of Muslims that Mecca is the center of religion since the time of Abraham not proven archeology because no such information at all ancient,
Since Mecca was built in the eighteenth century - 4 M, Mecca bought many items from Yemen and market it to Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia in the Fertile Crescent. Assyrians control all the land since the end of the 8th century BC and recorded all the tribes who traded in the region. By doing so, how can they possibly escape record of Mecca in these times? The reason is of course because Mecca no time.
Muslims claim that linking Mecca and the Kaaba with Zamzam Ibrahim and Ismail are based on several sources:
Kabah existing Ibrahim era. Sources:
Surah 2: 125
And (remember) when We made the house (Baitullah) a gathering place for people and a safe place. And make sebahagian Station of Abraham the place of prayer. And We commanded Abraham and Ishmael: "Purify My house for those who tawaf, which i` tikaaf, the ruku 'and prostration ".
Sirah Ibn Ishaq-The Story of Prophets History of the Oldest-Muhammadiyah University Press, Volume 1, page 65:
When Ishmael, son of Abraham died, his son Nabit given the task of a leader and ruler Kaaba, then the task is followed by Mudzadz Amr ibn al-Jurhumi . Offspring of Ishmael and his descendants Mudzadz Nabit with their grandfather and uncle Amr ibn maternal uncle of Jurhum them, and Qatura offspring, who is a cousin Jurhum, when it was the Mecca. Meraka come from the land of Yemen, and traveled together into the land of Mecca. &. The Lord then multiply the descendants of Ishmael in Mecca.
Zam-Zam Spring has existed since the time of Abraham and Ishmael. Source:
Sahih Bukhari-Volume 4, book 55, number 583:
When the water in leather bags has been exhausted, Hagar became thirsty, so did Ishmael. Ishmael Hagar saw that in a state suffering from thirst. Hagar left Ishmael because Ishmael could not bear to see the suffering......... . Hagar continues Menurt running between Safa and Marwa seven times. Prophet said, "This incident underlying the tradition of pilgrims walk between Safa and Marwa" When Hagar reach the hill of Marwa she heard a voice, Hagar said, "O, whoever you are, you have made me hear your voice, if you can help me?, And magic Hagar then saw an angel at the site is being dug Zam Zam, until finally the water gushing from the spot.
Researchers tried to find answers to the truth about the history of Islam, and based on the results of the archaeological evidence apparently claim Islam is not evident. Evidence are:
Dumah City Centre Religion
undocumented Mecca as a center of religion, while Dumah Arab tribes known as a religious center.
Another important information obtained in Assyrian inscriptions concerning Dumah as a religious center for the northern Arabian tribes. Sculpture containing images of various gods Dumah image is very important for the community Arabia so they go to Assyria, and begged the King Esarhaddon image so that the image is returned to them. This happened after the father Esarhaddon took the sculpture sculpture and took it to Assyria. Dumah dominating religious influence Assyrian era before the Arabs built another temple in the Gulf of Aqaba. Those loyal to the famous Arab roang worship center of their choosing. If Mecca and the Kaaba was built at that time, of course, well known as the center of Mecca will worship, and those people would probably first pilgrimage to Mecca before the battle.
However, there is no any information about Mecca in the annals of trade, military, and religion in imperial empires of Assyria and Babylonia. Statement of Muslims that Mecca is the center of religion since the time of Abraham was not justified because there is no such information throughout antiquity. If Muhammad was born in that era, of course he would choose Dumah city as a center of religion, because Mecca is not in the 7th century BC.
Power Esarhaddon
Assyrian king Esarhaddon, 680-669 BC.
Powerful Assyrian king Esarhaddon succeeded his father, Sennacherib. Esarhaddon led the Assyrians in 680-669 BC. He did a major war, and most importantly the attack on Egypt, Ethiopia, and the deserts of Arabia. In Kalb river, near Beirut or Lebanon today, one of the Esarhaddon inscriptions found. The inscription describes the attack to Egypt and Ethiopia. Egypt was under the rule of Ethiopia when Esarhaddon attacked. He finally managed to conquer all kingdoms on the east coast of the Mediterranean, and he brings his king to the king of Nineveh.
Esarhaddon inscription states much information about the role of war with Arabs, shows the number of Arab areas under their control at the beginning of the 7th century BC. Tarikh Nineveh shows important events, such as the return of the god of gods carved images Arabic to Dumah. Dumah is the center tribal worship Arabia since the 9th century BC.
Esahaddon also saved Tabua, Arab girls. Tabua taken from its Arab people as a child, and he was great in the palace of the king of Assyria. Assyrian king then appointed him to be the queen of the Arabs in Dumah. This shows the influence of Assyria against the Arabs in the time of Esarhaddon.
In addition, the pull Nineveh also explained that the Qedar Hazael king paid tribute to Assyria. Hazael came to Nineveh to show the attitude of subjection to Esarhaddon:
About Hazael, king of Arabia, keagunganku fascinated him, he brought gold, silver, and precious stones ² in front of me and kiss my feet. [Luckenbill, Records of Assyria II. 551.]
King of Assyria conquered king kissed the feet of the King Esarhaddon.
Nineveh chronicle also describes the son of Hazael Ia'-hi-u 'or Yauta'. She became king Hazael Qedar after death. Assyrian army helped Yauta 'to defeat an insurgency led by Ua-bu. Ua-bu led Arab alliance against Yauta ', but the allies were defeated by the Assyrian army. Then Yauta 'rebelled against Assyria, and the Assyrian then turned to attack him, Yauta' defeated and fled. He then came back and took the oath of allegiance to Assurbanipal, king of Assyria next.
Assyrian inscriptions, the time of Esarhaddon.
Inscription cylinder.
Description This is an example of writing in the Esarhaddon inscription, indicating that northern Arabia, especially Qedar, under the rule of Assyria. Assyrian Empire appointed king of kings, receiving tribute, and suppress any uprising against them, or the king of the kings of Arabia who loyal to Assyria. This information is also found in many Assyrian stone carvings. There is also another inscription inscription in Nineveh and Assur which reported the same information. Examples of such heritage shows in the historic events taking power Esarhaddon had verified the record of the archaeological record. There are interesting description of Nineveh, known as the "Fragment F." When the soldiers waded Esarhaddon Sinai desert to conquer the uprising in Egypt, they used camel Arabian camels to carry water supplies. This suggests that Esarhaddon learn about the use of camels of various Arab lands under their control. By using camel Arabian camel, the Assyrian army successfully navigate the vast desert to attack enemy ground. This happened when he attacked Ba'zu area.
One example is a cylinder inscription found in the city of Nimrud, and most called Klch. A; There is also an inscription, called "Trb.A-a," the inscription of Tarisu cylinder (see E. Nassouhi, Mitteilungen altorientalischen der Gesellschaft, III, 1-2, (1927), p. 22-28; cited by, Eph'al I., p. 45
Inscription ² of Nineveh (3082 K + K + Sm 3086 2027), see R. Borger, Die Inschriften Asarhaddons, von Konigs Assyrien, Graz, 1956, p. 112-113, cited by I. Eph 'al, The Ancient Arabs, p. 46th
Regional Ba'zu
Another explanation for the denied claims that Mecca Muslim existing at the time of Esarhaddon, there is the fact that the Assyrian army did not find any other city to be conquered in northwestern Arabia, so they went straight to the middle of the area Ba'zu Arabia.
Historians believe Ba'zu located in central Arabia, the Persian Gulf region towards. This supports the expectation that the Assyrian dominion over most of northern and central Arabia. A description of the attacker is found in inscriptions and chronicles Esarhaddon and Babylonia. Ba'zu described as follows:
Distant city, passing through salt fields, beyond the sandy areas and thorny, beyond the scope of military activity in the days preceding the king of the king of Assyria. (Heidel Prism iii, 9-18, cited by Eph'al, p. 130)
The same statement explaining Ba'zu area as: "a barren area, earthy salts, non-aqueous region." Heidel Prism III describes the Assyrian army move as far as 140 Beru (1,500 km) into areas covered with sand, thorny plants, snakes, and scorpions cover the ground like ants. Other information about Ba'zu said: "The area is very remote, alkali desert, sand the area dry, thorny bushes, and mouth Gazel, rocks, full of snakes and scorpions, ants covered the area."
The inscription mentions nine places in Ba'zu conquered Assyria, and mention the name of the king of kings eight areas. Assyrian army burned seven city walls in Ba'zu. Then they appointed a local king named Laya'le to lead the country. He is the king in the area near Ba'zu, and his name is He-in.
Heidel Prism iii, 9-18, cited by Eph'al, page 130
Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, Vol. II, page 214
Nin. A.; Heidel Prism iii 21; cited by Eph'al things. 131
This shows the magnitude of the events Assyrian influence in Arabia at the time of Esarhaddon. They are able to navigate the desert as far as 1,500 km. Historians estimate Ba'zu at two locations: one in central Arabia, near the town of Khaybar and another in the western Persian Gulf. It should be noted that the Assyrian army attacked the area very much like Ba'zu, and instead attacked Mecca in western Arabia area. The reason why is because it was not attacked Mecca Mecca region was not inhabited at all time. The area north of Mecca share Arabia and Yemen, but the Assyrians do not strike the area, because there is not any town there. That's why the Assyrian army straight to central and eastern Arabia to conquer new areas, namely Ba'zu.
Hommel, Ethnologie und Geographie des alten Orients, Munich, 1926, p. 558-559; cited by Eph'al.
Eph'al, The Ancient Arabs, EJ Brill, Leiden, 1982, p. 137
OTHER PROOF OF EVIDENCE:
1. Archaeology fact no mention of Mecca in Assyrian inscriptions inscriptions (911-891 BC) ...... click here
2. Mecca is not mentioned in the reign of Sargon II (721-705 BC.) ........ click here
3. Mecca is not mentioned in the reign of Sennacherib (705-681 BC) ..... click here
4. Mecca is not called a call during the reign of Assurbanipal (669-626 BC) ..... click here
5. Mecca is not listed as a center of religion, while Dumah Arab tribes known as a religious center. (7 BC) ....... click here
Regards, Dwi Hartoyo, SP
REFERENCES
1. http://img852.imageshack.us/img852/1907/sargonbust.jpg
2. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah
4. http://trulyislam.blogspot.com/2009/01/sejarah-arab-mekah-kabah-zamzam.html
5. http://www.hinduunity.org/articles/islamexposed/preislamicarabia.html
6. http://hinduunity.org/articles/bharathistory/vedicpast1.html
7. http://www.hinduism.co.za
8. http://religionresearchinstitute.org/mecca/classical.htm
9. http://media.isnet.org/islam/Silsilah/Muhammad02.html
10. Herodotus http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/Herodotus #
11. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/arabia1.html
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