Sabtu, 26 Mei 2012

[Albrecht Dürer - Afred Sisley - Claude Monet - Edgar Degas - Fra Angelico ]

 
 
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Albrecht Dürer
Albrecht Dürer (born May 21, 1471 - died 6 April 1528 at age 56 years) was a painter, sculptor and a German mathematician. He was born and died in Nuremberg, Germany. Albrecht Dürer is famous as one of the largest old mold maker, along with Rembrandt and Goya.
A German artist is very talented and versatile than the period of Renaissance, Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) was born in the Franconian city of Nuremberg, one of the strongest commercial and artistic center in Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth. He was a brilliant painter, draftsman, and writer, although the first and perhaps the greatest artistic impact on graphic arts media. Dürer apprenticeship with his father, who was a goldsmith, and a local painter Michael Wolgemut, the workshop produced woodcut illustrations to the general ledger and publications. Admirer of his compatriot Martin Schongauer, Dürer revolutionized printmaking, elevating it to the level of an independent art form. He expanded the range of total and dramatic, and give an image with a new conceptual basis. At the age of thirty, Dürer had completed or started three of the most famous series of wood carvings on religious subjects: Revelation (1498; 19.73.209, 18.65.8), a large woodcut Passion cycle (ca. 1497-1500), and life of the Virgin (from 1500). He went on to produce independent prints, such as engraving Adam and Eve (1504; 19.73.1), and small, independent groups of images, such as the so-called Guru featuring carved Knight, Death and the Devil (1513; 43.106.2), Saint Jerome in the His study (1514), and melancholy, I (1514; 43.106.1), who is more devoted to the lovers and collectors rather than for popular devotion. Their technical expertise, intellectual scope, and the psychological depth unmatched by any previous work printed.
More than other Northern European artists, Dürer engaged by the artistic practices and theoretical interests of Italy. He visited the country twice, 1494-1495 and again 1505-1507, directly absorb some of the great works of Renaissance Italy, and the classical heritage and the theoretical writings. The influence of Venetian color and design can be seen in the Feast of Rose Garlands altarpiece (1506; Prague, Narodni Galerie), Dürer was commissioned by the German merchant colony that lives in Venice. Dürer developed a new interest in human form, as shown by his studies and antiques. Italian theoretical pursuits also resonated with the artist. He wrote the Four Books of Human Proportion (Vier Bucher von menschlichen proportion), only the first of which was published during his lifetime (1528), as well as the geometrical theory introductory guide for students (Underweysung der Messung, 1525; 125.97 D932), which includes scientific medicine first from the perspective of an artist of Northern Europe.
Dürer talent, ambition, intellect, broad, and sharp making it the attention and friendship of some of the most prominent figures in German society. He became a court official artists for the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and his successor Charles V, to whom Dürer designed and helped implement a variety of artistic projects. In Nuremberg, the dynamic center of humanism and the first one to officially adopt the principles of the Reformation, Dürer had access to some theologians in Europe as well as scholars, including Erasmus (19.73.120), Philipp Melanchthon, and Willibald Pirkheimer, each captured by the artist in each intelligent portrait. For the Nuremberg town hall, the artist painted two panels of the Four Apostles (1526; Munich, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Alte Pinakothek), with Martin Luther's translation of the text in which the city pays tribute to the adoption of Lutheranism. Hundreds of surviving drawings, letters and diary entries document Dürer's journey through Italy and the Netherlands (1520-1521), proved his perspective insistently demanding scientific and artistic considerations.
The artist also cast light on the image of his thick through a number of striking self-portrait drawn, painted, and printed.They reveal the master the more successful and confident, eager to affirm the creative genius and inherent nobility, while still characterized by clear vision, often gut feeling. They gave us a cumulative portrait of an artist extraordinary Northern European tombstone states: ". Whatever it is mortal in Albrecht Dürer lies beneath this mound"

Afred Sisley
Sisley was born on October 30, 1839 in Paris of English parents prosperous. His father, William Sisley, was in the silk business, and his mother Felicia Sell a cultured music lovers.
In 1857 at the age of 18 Sisley sent to London to study for a career in business, but he left after four years and returned to Paris in 1861 . From 1862 he studied at the Paris Ecole des Beaux-Arts in the studio Swiss artist Marc-Charles-Gabriel Gleyre, where he became acquainted with Frédéric Bazille, Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Together they would paint the landscape en plein air rather than in the studio, to realistically capture the temporary effect of sunlight. This approach, innovative at the time, produce more colorful paintings and painted a broader public than it used to seeing. Consequently, Sisley and his friends initially had few opportunities to exhibit or sell their work. Their works are usually rejected by the jury of the most important annual art exhibition in France. During the 1860s, though, Sisley was in a better financial position than some fellow artists, because he received an allowance from his father. In 1866 Sisley began a relationship with Lesouezec Eugenie (1834-1898, also known as Marie Lescouezec), space Breton in Paris. The couple produced two children: son Pierre (born 1867) and his daughter Jeanne (1869). At that Sisley lived not far from the Avenue de Clichy and the Café Guerbois, meeting in Paris where many painters.
In 1868 the Salon accepted his painting, but this exhibition does not make money and do not show success in his career in fine arts, as well as the next exhibit. 'Molesey Weir - Morning "is one of the paintings executed by Sisley on his visit to England in 1874
In 1870, the Franco-Prussian War began, and as a result Sisley father's business failed, so one way to financially support the work of the sales of his paintings . In the rest of his life he will live in poverty, because his paintings did not rise significantly in the monetary value until after the death of his parents. Sometimes, however, Sisley will be supported by a customer, and this allowed him, among other things, to make the short trip to England.
The first occurred in 1874 after the first Impressionist exhibition and described by an independent art historian Kenneth Clark as "the perfect moment of Impressionism."
Until 1880 Sisley lived and worked in the west of Paris, then he and his family moved to a small village near Moret- sur-Loing, near Fontainebleau Forest, where the painters of the Barbizon school had worked earlier in this century. Here, as art historian Anne Poulet said, "The landscape gently with the ever-changing atmosphere is perfectly in tune with his talent. Unlike Monet, he never sought or the raging seas drama brilliantly colored landscape of the Côte d'Azur."
In 1897 Sisley and his colleagues visited England again, and finally married at Cardiff Register Office on August 5. They live in Penarth, where Sisley painted at least six oil and sea cliffs. In mid-August they moved into the Osborne Hotel in Langland Bay on the Gower Peninsula, where he produced at least eleven oil paintings in and around Langland Bay and Rotherslade Bay (then called the Lady Cove). They returned to France in October. It was his last trip to the homeland of his ancestors Sisley. The National Museum Cardiff has two of Penarth and Langland oilpaintings.
Painter died on January 29, 1899 in Moret-sur-Loing at the age of 59, several months after the death of his wife.

Claude Monet
Claude Monet was born to Adolphe and Louise-Justine Monet at 45 Rue Laffitte. His family later moved to Le Havre in Normandy in 1845 when he was five years old. The baptismal name of Oscar-Claude at Nortre-Dame-de-Lorette. His father he wanted to continue the family business.
Early April 1851 Monet entered the Le Havre school. He was soon famous for carchoalnya caricatures, which are often displayed and sold for 10 to 12 francs. Monet first got drawing lessons from Jean-Francois Ochard, formerly a pupil of Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825). On the beaches of Normandy, he met Eugène Boudin, who saw the display of the works of caricature and then became a mentor and taught him to use oil paint. Boudin taught Monet technique also en plein air (painting outdoors). On January 28, 1857 his mother died. He then cared for her aunt Marie-Jeanne. When Monet's been to Paris to visit The Louvre, he saw many painters who imitate the painting was already famous. Monet, with his perseverance rather pay attention to the windows and painted landscapes with their own equipment and techniques.
In June 1861 Monet joined the Light Cavalry Regiment I Africa in Algeria for two years from seven years of military service. But illness made her aunt Madame tipusnya Lecadre suggest to get out of the military and finished his studies at the university art apparently. Because it was contrary to the classical lessons taught at the university, he then joined the studio of Charles Gleyre in Paris, and then met Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Frederic Bazille, and Alfred Sisley. Then they together developed a new technique in art by painting on the effects of reflected light that captured the eyes, the beginning of the stream which we now know as Impressionism.
Camille Monet or La Femme à la Robe Verte in 1868, which raised his popularity, is one of the many objects of painting with his future wife, Camille Doncieux. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870 - 1871), Monet took refuge in England to avoid conflict. There he studied with John Constable and JMW Turner, who was the inspiration for Monet's paintings in the understanding of color. In the period 1871 to 1878 Monet lived at Argenteuil, a village on the Seine near Paris. This is where many of his best work is produced.

Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873).
When he returned to Paris, about 1872 to 1873 he painted Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) depicting views of Le Havre. This painting is displayed in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874 and until now the collection of the Musée Marmottan-Monet, Paris. The actual origin of the title of this select, critic Louis Leroy to give satire "The Impressionists", which even then known as their primary identity.
In 1870, Monet and Doncieux married and in 1873 moved into a house in Argenteuil near the Seine River. They have two children, Michel, on March 17, 1878. Monet's wife later died of tuberculosis in 1879.
Alice Hoschedé help care for both children Monet. They lived in Poissy. At their April 1883 pindahke home in Giverny, Eure, in Haute-Normandie, which then ditatanya with a large garden page and try again painted until his death. Monet and Hoschedé married in 1892.
In the period from the 1880s and the 1890s, many Monet paintings dwell on the experiment with a variety of viewpoints and light. His first series was from Rouen Cathedral from different points of view in different times throughout the day.Twenty viewpoint was later exhibited at the Durand-Ruel in 1895.

Water Lily Pond (Le Bassin aux Nymphéas) (1899)
In the period 1883 to 1908, Monet traveled to the Mediterranean and painted many views of land and sea such as Bordighera. Important buildings also became the main subject of Monet in there. His wife Alice died in 1911 and his son Jean in 1914.
Cataract menjangkitinya so it must undergo two surgeries pada1923. His paintings have turned into red tonality, a natural thing to daily sight to cataract patients. In addition he also allegedly can sometimes detect the reflection of ultraviolet rays due to the treatment of cataract surgery. 
After surgery she was a lot of redo his work earlier. Monet died on December 5, 1926 at the age of 86 and was buried in the Giverny church cemetery. The house and gardens have become well-known to be a major attraction for tourists at home Giverny.Di is also found Japanese graphic works. 
In 2004, London, Le Parlement, Effet de Brouillard (1904), sold more than U.S. $ 20 million.

Edgar Degas
Edgar Degas (born in Paris, July 19, 1834 - died in Paris, 27 September 1917 at age 83 years), born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas, is a painter and sculptor from France. He is regarded as the founder of Impressionism although it rejected the term, and prefer so-called realist. As a gifted draftsman, he is widely known to the subject of dance, and nearly half of his works depict dancers. It shows his expertise in the depiction of movement, also the subject of race and naked women. Known for his psychological portraits and depictions of the complexity of human isolation.
Earlier in his career, his ambition is to become a historical painter, who calls for it he prepared himself with a rigorous academic education and studied classical art in the near future. In the early age of 30, he changed his mind, and by running the traditional methods of historical painter to display contemporary subject matter, he became a classical painter of modern times.

Fra Angelico
Fra Angelico (c. 1395 - 18 February 1455), born Guido di Pietro, was the early Italian Renaissance painter, and in the Lives of the Artists Vasari called a "rare and perfect talent" This work is the Madonna of the importance of the work of The Star ( 1428) and Madonna Of the Linen Weavers (1433)

Fra Angelico was born in 1400 in Florence, Italy. Between 1420 and 1422 he entered a monastery of San Domenico in Fiesole. He painted altarpieces and manuscript. Linaiuoli Altarpiece, a triptych enclosed in a marble temple, is the early work, but he went on to paint the famous frescoes in the monastery of San Marco in Florence and a chapel in the Vatican. He died in 1455.

Early life, 1395-1436
Fra Angelico was born Guido di Pietro in the Tuscan area of Mugello Rupecanina in near Florence towards the end of the 14th century. Nothing is known of his parents. He was baptized Guido or Guidolino. The earliest recorded documents Fra Angelico dates from October 17, 1417 when he joined the religious brotherhood in the Church of Carmine, still under the name Guido di Pietro. These records also revealed that he was a painter, a fact later confirmed by two records of payment to Guido di Pietro in January and February 1418 for work done in the Church of Santo Stefano del Ponte. The first record of Angelico as a friar dates from 1423, when he was first known as Fra Giovanni, following the habit of entering a religious order to take a new name He is a member of the Dominican community in Florence .. Fra, an abbreviation of the Frate (from the Latin Brothers), is the conventional title for a brother or sister.
According to Vasari, Fra Angelico initially received training as an illuminator, possibly working with his brother Benedetto who is also Dominican and illuminators. San Marco in Florence holds several manuscripts are considered to be wholly or partly by hand. Painter Lorenzo Monaco may have contributed to the training of art, and the influence of Siena School is seen in his work. He has significant costs in the monastery he lived in, but this does not limit the art, which soon became famous. According to Vasari, the first paintings of this artist is an altarpiece painted for display and Carthusian Monastery of Florence;. Not like it's there now. 
From 1408-1418 Fra Angelico in Cortona Dominican monastery where he painted frescoes, now destroyed, in the Dominican Church and may have an assistant or a follower of Gherardo Starnina. Between 1418 and 1436 he was in the monastery of Fiesole where he also executed a number of frescoes for the church, and the Altarpiece, deteriorated but was restored. A predella of the Altarpiece remains intact in the National Gallery, London which is an outstanding example of the ability of Fra Angelico's. It shows Christ in glory, surrounded by more than 250 figures, including beatified Dominicans. The Maesta (Madonna enthroned) with Saints Cosmas and Damian, Saint Mark and Saint John, Saint Lawrence and three Dominicans, Saint Dominic, Saint Thomas Aquinas and Saint Peter Martyr; San Marco in Florence

San Marco, Florence, 1436-1445
In 1436 Fra Angelico was one of a number of monks from Fiesole who moved into newly built Friary of San Marco in Florence. This is an important step that puts him in the middle of local arts activities and bring the protection of one of the richest and most powerful member of the Signoria of the city, Cosimo de 'Medici, who had a large cell (later occupied by Savonarola) reserved for him at the monastery so that he may retreat from the world. That, according to Vasari, at Cosimo home urging that Fra Angelico set about the task of decorating the monastery, including the Chapter House, a magnificent painting, often reproduced Annunciation at the top of the stairs to the cells, Maesta with Scripture and many devotional frescoes depicting aspects of the Life of Christ small which adorn the walls of every cell.
In 1439 he completed one of his most famous work, Altarpiece for St. Marco in Florence. The result is unusual for its time. Madonna and Child enthroned image surrounded by the saints are common, but they are usually described setting clear heavenlike, where saints and angels floating around as a divine presence than anyone. But in this case, the saints were standing right in the room, grouped in a natural way as if they could talk about the shared experience of watching the Virgin in glory. Paintings such as this, known as Holy Conversation, is to be a major commission Giovanni Bellini, Perugino and Raphael.

Vatican, 1445-1455
In 1445 Pope Eugenius IV summoned him to Rome to paint the frescoes of the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament in St. Peter, who then destroyed by Pope Paul III. Vasari claims that Fra Angelico is currently offered by Pope Nicholas V of the Archdiocese of Florence, and that he refused it, recommending other monks for the position. While the story seems possible and even likely, if the date of Vasari is correct, then surely the Pope Eugenius and Nicholas. In 1447 Fra Angelico was in Orvieto with his pupil, Benozzo Gozzoli, executing works for the Cathedral. Among the other students are Zanobi Strozzi.
From 1447-1449 he was back in the Vatican, designing frescoes for the Chapel of Nicholas V. Niccoline for scenes from the lives of two martyred deacon of First Christian Church, St Stephen and Lawrence may have been executed in whole or in part by an assistant. A small chapel, with a bright frescoed walls and gold leaf decorations gives the impression of jewel box. From 1449 until 1452, Fra Angelico back in his old monastery of Florence, where he was before

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